Dr. Hatem Soliman reviewed strategies to convert cold breast tumors to hot tumors using immune modulators, radiation, and oncolytic viruses. Early data showed immune activation, tumor regression, and reduced recurrence.

Dr. Cesar Santa-Maria reviewed immunotherapy advances in TNBC, highlighting improved survival with pembrolizumab and durvalumab. Emerging radiation, bispecific therapies, and ongoing trials aim to optimize outcomes.

Dr. Cesar Santa-Maria reviewed breast cancer vaccines as low-toxicity immunotherapies. Early trials show promise, especially in HER2-positive and MRD-positive disease, with greatest potential in prevention and early-stage treatment.

Dr. Lawrence Lum presented bispecific antibody–armed T cells as a cancer vaccine. Early trials showed acceptable safety, durable immune responses, and encouraging survival in heavily pretreated metastatic breast cancer.

Panelists agreed PD-L1 is an outdated biomarker for immunotherapy selection, advocating gene signatures and dynamic monitoring. They emphasized optimizing early TNBC treatment and preserving the tumor microenvironment.