Dr. Eng noted that while challenges persist in colorectal cancer, MSI‑high patients in Atezo‑ATOMIC achieved superior 3‑year DFS with oxaliplatin/fluorouracil + atezolizumab (86.4 % vs 76.6 %), and BRAF V600E patients in BREAKWATER saw markedly longer PFS and a 30.3‑month median OS on encorafenib + cetuximab + FOLFOX. Conversely, the DYNAMIC‑3 study showed that using circulating tumor DNA to guide adjuvant therapy conferred no benefit.